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糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是导致糖尿病人群视力严重损害的主要原因。现有的治疗措施大多针对已有视力受损的中晚期患者，且为有创性治疗，效果有限。因此，迫切需要早期预防DR发生风险或延缓DR进展的非侵入性新疗法和新靶点。早期优化代谢治疗，即在糖尿病早期严格控制血糖、血压、血脂至正常范围，可能预防或改善潜在的、可逆的微血管病变，但目前仍缺乏综合有效的药物靶向治疗方案及统一的临床应用标准。充分了解近年来新型降糖药及部分降压、调脂药在DR防治中的应用可为临床早期防治DR提供一定的参考。“,”Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the main cause of severe visual impairment in diabetic patients. Most of the existing treatments are aimed at patients with intermediate and advanced stages of vision impairment, and are invasive treatments with limited effects. Therefore, it is urgent for non-invasive new therapies and new targets to prevent the risk of DR or delay the progress of DR. Early optimization of metabolic therapies, which are strict control of blood glucose, blood pressure and blood lipid in the early stage of diabetes, may prevent or improve potential and reversible microangiopathy, however, there is still a lack of comprehensive and effective drug targeted therapy and unified clinical application standards. Therefore, this study summarizes the application of new hypoglycemic drugs and some antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs in the prevention and treatment of DR in recent years, in order to provide some reference for the clinical early prevention and treatment of this disease.