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本试验利用激光,r—射线,中子三种辐射类型,照射向日葵种子,从出苗日期,出苗率以及植物学性状的改变,了解这三种物理因素,对向日葵的辐射效应及诱发有益突变的适宜辐射剂量。三种辐射类型照射向日葵播前种子,均表现随剂量的增高,出苗延迟,出苗率降低。辐射对于生长的抑制作用,常随生育期的推移而逐渐消失。不同的品种对辐射的敏感性是有明显差异的,农家品种比墨葵抗辐射。当辐射剂量较高时(如r—射线四万伦,中子5×10~11～1×10~12)常出现顶端生长点破坏,多头,叶片的卷曲撕裂状,这均属于辐射引起的生理及结构的损伤,并不遗传。从各种辐射类型对不同品种,及同一辐射类型不同剂量的辐射效应看,植株生长基本正常的剂量,往往会出现一些性状优良的单株: 钕玻璃激光5次,氮分子激光5分、10分、 r—射线2万伦, 中子5×10~10～1×10~11,可作为向日葵的适宜诱变剂量,从中选出的A_2—38—6突变系,其特点为,早熟,产量超过对照29.7％。
In this experiment, three types of radiation such as laser, r-ray and neutron were used to irradiate sunflower seeds. The changes of emergence date, emergence rate and botanical traits were studied to understand the effects of these three physical factors on the radiation effects of sunflower and the induced mutation Suitable radiation dose. Three types of radiation before sunflower sowing seeds, all showed increased dose, emergence delay, reduced emergence rate. The inhibitory effect of radiation on growth, often with the passage of growth period and gradually disappear. Different varieties of radiation sensitivity are significantly different, farmer varieties than the sunflower radiation. When the radiation dose is high (such as r-ray 40 000 Lun, neutron 5 × 10 ~ 11 ~ 1 × 10 ~ 12) often appear top of the growth point of destruction, long, leaf curling tearing, which are radiation-induced Physiological and structural damage, not genetic. From the radiation effects of different radiation types to different varieties and different doses of the same radiation type, some plants with good traits often appear in plants with basically normal growth doses: neodymium glass laser 5 times, nitrogen molecular laser 5, 10 Points, r-ray 2 Wan Lun, neutrons 5 × 10 ~ 10 ~ 1 × 10 ~ 11, sunflower can be used as a suitable mutagenic dose, selected from the A_2-38-6 mutant line, which is characterized by precocious, Yield exceeded control by 29.7%.