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目的探讨自恋的年龄特征及父母教养方式对自恋的影响。方法采用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)与自恋人格问卷对唐山市某两所大学共计344名大学生和某2所中学的264名初中生进行了调查,统计方法有t检验、相关分析和回归分析。结果①大学生的自恋水平显著地高于初中生(显性自恋:t=3.037,P<0.01;隐性自恋:t=3.585,P<0.001);②年龄与父母教养方式同时进入对自恋的预测方程(显性自恋:β=0.181;隐性自恋:β=0.125);③大学生的母亲情感温暖、父亲过分干涉和过度保护对显性自恋有预测作用(β=0.189,0.214,-0.117);母亲过分干涉过分保护、母亲惩罚严厉和父亲情感温暖对隐性自恋有预测作用(β=0.181,0.129,-0.114)。初中生的母亲过分干涉过分保护和父亲情感温暖对显性自恋有正向预测作用(β=0.264,0.137);而母亲过分干涉过分保护、母亲拒绝否定和情感温暖对隐性自恋有预测作用(β=0.283,0.158,-0.133)。结论年龄影响自恋,初中生自恋受父母教养方式的影响度大于大学生;父母的温暖与控制导致显性自恋,而控制、冷漠拒绝与缺乏温暖导致隐性自恋。
Objective To explore the age characteristics of narcissism and the influence of parenting styles on narcissism. Methods A total of 344 undergraduates from two universities in Tangshan City and 264 junior high school students from two secondary schools were investigated by EMBU and narcissistic personality questionnaire. The statistical methods were t-test, correlation analysis and regression analysis. Results ① The level of narcissism of college students was significantly higher than that of junior high school students (dominant narcissism: t = 3.037, P <0.01; implicit narcissism: t = 3.585, P <0.001) Predictors of narcissism (dominant narcissism: β = 0.181; implicit narcissism: β = 0.125); ③ college students ’mothers’ emotional warmth, father’s excessive interference and over-protection had a significant effect on dominant narcissism (β = 0.189 , 0.214, -0.117). Excessively mothers’ interference in overprotection, harsh punishment of their mothers, and father’s emotional warmth predicted recessive narcissism (β = 0.181, 0.129, -0.114). The excessive interference of the mothers of junior high school students and the emotional warmth of their father positively predicted dominant narcissism (β = 0.264, 0.137). However, the mothers’ excessive interference with overprotection, the mother’s refusal to refute and the emotional warmth predicted the recessive narcissism Effect (β = 0.283, 0.158, -0.133). Conclusion Age affects narcissism. The influence of junior high school students ’narcissism on parental rearing style is greater than that of college students. The parents’ warmth and control lead to dominant narcissism, while control, indifference and lack of warmness lead to implicit narcissism.