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MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类内源性非编码蛋白短链RNA,其基因转录后经过一系剪切转运过程形成成熟型的miR-NA,并通过调控mRNA表达和翻译方式发挥许多重要的生物学效应。不同miRNA可呈现出癌基因或抑癌基因样功能,并有一定的组织特异性。多种恶性肿瘤的发生过程与miRNA表达谱的改变密切相关。miRNA调控着肿瘤的分化、增殖、凋亡、侵袭、转移及耐药等多种生物学行为。此外,一些miRNA对预测肿瘤患者的预后也有着重要的临床意义。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding short-chain RNAs whose genes undergo transcriptional cleavage and transport to form mature miR-NA and play a number of important biological roles by regulating mRNA expression and translation effect. Different miRNAs may exhibit oncogene or tumor suppressor gene-like functions with some tissue specificity. The occurrence of many malignant tumors is closely related to the changes of miRNA expression profile. MiRNAs regulate many biological behaviors such as tumor differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. In addition, some miRNAs have important clinical implications for predicting the prognosis of cancer patients.