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实事求是是邓小平理论的精髓和灵魂,它是唯物论、辩证法、认识论和历史观的高度统一,是对马克思主义哲学精神的具体运用。而与实事求是相对立的则是主观主义。主观主义的显著特点就是主观和客观相分裂,认识和实践相分离。毛泽东认为:“主观主义就是不从客观实际出发,而是从主观愿望出发。”(《毛泽东选集》第5卷第297页)其主要表现形式,一种是教条主义,一种是经验主义。毛泽东认为:
Seeking truth from facts is the essence and soul of Deng Xiaoping Theory. It is a high degree of unification of materialism, dialectics, epistemology and history, and a concrete application of the spirit of Marxist philosophy. The opposite of seeking truth from facts is subjectivism. The notable feature of subjectivism is the division of subjective and objective phases and the separation of understanding and practice. Mao Zedong argues that “subjectivism does not proceed from objective reality but from subjective desire.” (Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung, Volume 5, p. 297) Its main manifestations are dogmatism and experience Doctrine Mao Zedong think: