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日本传统的民法理论认为,一个物权的客体,只能是一个物;就一个统一物,只能设立一个所有权,这就是所滔“一物一权主义”。该所有权或者属于一人(法人或自然人)所有,或者属于若干人共有。但在现实生活中,可能存在着一个统一物能够分割为几个紧密联系的、但又是相互独立的部分,每一部分分别属于不同人所有的情况。在日本民法上,作为一物一权主义的例外,也承认对于一个统一的建筑物的各个独立部分,分别成立不同的所有权,这就是建筑物的区分所有权。当一栋建筑物在构造上能够区分成若干部分,而每一部分可以独立地用作住宅、店铺、事务所等用途时,则该建筑物的每一独立部分均可以成为所有权的标的,由此所成立的所有权,即为建筑物的区分所有权;围绕着区分所有权关系的调整而制定的一系列规定,则构成了日本民法上的区分所有权制度
Japan's traditional civil law theory holds that the object of a property right can only be a thing; as for a unified thing, it can only establish one ownership. This is the “one material monopoly right” of the Tao. The ownership is either owned by one person (legal person or natural person) or owned by several persons. However, in real life, there may be a unified thing that can be divided into several closely related but independent parts, each of which belongs to a different person. In Japan's civil law, as an exception to monopolyism, it also admits that establishing separate ownership for each independent part of a unified building is the dominance of buildings. When a building is structurally divided into sections and each section can be used independently as a home, store, office, etc., each individual part of the building can be the subject of ownership, whereby Ownership established, that is, the ownership of buildings; a series of provisions around the adjustment of ownership relations constitute the Japanese civil law, the ownership of the system of ownership