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气候变化和人类活动对伊犁—巴尔喀什湖盆地自然生态环境的影响逐渐加剧,导致该盆地水资源问题日益突出。地处干旱区的伊犁—巴尔喀什湖盆地水资源的形成和耗散空间分离并且水文气象数据匮乏,使该地区的水资源研究和管理都相对欠缺。采用2003年1月至2014年5月1°×1°GRACE重力卫星的UTCSR-RL05L-2月数据反演得到伊犁—巴尔喀什湖盆地水储量变化,并利用全球陆面同化数据(GLDAS)对比分析,结合水量平衡原理,分析该地区水储量时空变化特征及影响因素。结果表明:伊犁—巴尔喀什湖盆地水储量变化呈现明显的年周期,该地区每年11月至次年4月水储量呈现增加趋势,水储量减少则出现在5月至10月;全年中8月份水储量减少最快,12月份增加最快。在影响整个盆地水储量变化的影响因素中,降水蒸发差是整个盆地水储量变化的最重要的影响因子,其次是蒸发,降水相对最弱。伊犁—巴尔喀什湖盆地水储量变化的影响因子具有明显的空间差异。水资源形成区水储量变化受降水影响最大,然而水储量耗散区水储量受降水蒸发差最明显。蒸发对耗散区的水储量变化的影响程度高于形成区。
The impact of climate change and human activities on the natural ecological environment of the Ili-Balkhash basin has gradually increased, resulting in an increasingly prominent problem of water resources in the basin. The separation and dissipation of water resources in the Ili-Balkhash basin, located in arid regions, and the lack of hydrological and meteorological data, make the research and management of water resources relatively scarce in this region. Based on the UTCSR-RL05L-February data from 1 January 2003 to May 2014 GRACE gravity satellite, the water inventory of the Plow-Balkhash Basin was retrieved and compared with the global land surface assimilation data (GLDAS) Analysis, combined with the principle of water balance, analysis of the spatial and temporal changes in water reserves and its influencing factors. The results show that the change of water reserves in Yili-Balkhash basin shows a significant annual cycle. The water reserves in November and April each year show an increasing trend while the decrease in water reserves occurs from May to October. In the whole year, 8 Monthly water reserves decreased the fastest, the fastest increase in December. Among the influencing factors that affect the change of water reserves in the whole basin, the poor evaporation of precipitation is the most important factor affecting the change of water storage in the whole basin, followed by evaporation and the precipitation is the weakest. The influencing factors of water reserves change in Yili-Balkhash basin have obvious spatial differences. The change of water reserves in the water resources formation area is most affected by precipitation, however, the water storage in the water dissipation area is most obviously affected by precipitation evaporation. The influence of evaporation on the change of water storage in the dissipation zone is higher than that of the formation zone.