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目的对玉溪市2008—2011年手足口病HFMD疫情监测资料进行分析,为预防控制工作提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统V 2.0收集病例信息资料,采集的病例标本通过实时反转录聚合酶链反应(Real-time RT-PCR)进行实验室核酸检测,采用描述流行病学、分析流行病学的方法开展手足口病三间分布分析和病原检测结果分析。结果 2008—2011年玉溪市全市9个县区共报告HFMD病例22 578例,年均报告发病率为245.41/10万;最低为2008年的65.82/10万,最高为2009年的398.72/10万,各年度的发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=62.6,P<0.01)。2008—2011年每周均有HFMD病例报告,有明显的季节性,病例在17~29周(5—7月)出现第1个高峰,48~50周(11月)出现第2个小高峰。玉溪市9县区均有手足口病病例报告,但各县(区)发病强度差异有统计学意义(χ2=19.62,P﹤0.01);发病率最高的为新平县的328.77/10万,最低的为易门县的140.54/10万。男性发病高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ2=110.91,P﹤0.01)。病例以1~3岁儿童为主,占病例总数的80.64%;在职业构成中,以散居儿童为主,占68.12%。病毒核酸检测EV71阳性率为24.94%,CoxA16阳性率为11.72%,其他肠道病毒阳性率为0.93%。结论玉溪市手足口病流行强度高,病原主要以EV71型为主,在落实综合性的预防控制措施的同时,要重点关注重症病例的早期发现和救治,尽可能地避免死亡病例的发生。
Objective To analyze the monitoring data of HFMD in hand, foot and mouth disease from 2008 to 2011 in Yuxi City, and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control. Methods The case information was collected through China Disease Prevention and Control Information System V 2.0. The collected samples were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for laboratory nucleic acid. Epidemiology was used to analyze the prevalence Pathological methods to carry out the distribution of hand, foot and mouth disease three pathogenic test results analysis. Results A total of 22 578 HFMD cases were reported in 9 districts and counties in Yuxi City from 2008 to 2011, with an average annual incidence of 245.41 / 100 000; the lowest was 65.82 / 100 000 in 2008 and the highest was 398.72 / 100 000 in 2009 The incidence of each year was statistically significant (χ2 = 62.6, P <0.01). There are reports of HFMD cases every week from 2008 to 2011, with a clear seasonal pattern, with the first peak seen in 17-29 weeks (May-July) and the second, 48th-50th week (November) . There are cases of hand-foot-mouth disease in 9 counties in Yuxi City, but there is significant difference in incidence of each county (district) (χ2 = 19.62, P <0.01); the highest incidence is 328.77 / Of 140.54 / 100,000 for Yimen County. The incidence of male was higher than that of female, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 110.91, P <0.01). The cases were mainly children 1-3 years of age, accounting for 80.64% of the total cases. Of the occupational groups, the majority were scattered children, accounting for 68.12%. The positive rate of EV71 was 24.94%, the positive rate of CoxA16 was 11.72%, and the positive rate of other enteroviruses was 0.93%. Conclusion The epidemic intensity of HFMD in Yuxi City is high. The main pathogens are EV71. While implementing comprehensive preventive and control measures, we must pay close attention to the early detection and treatment of severe cases and avoid the death as much as possible.