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根据学生对实验认识过程的心理活动特征,可以把学生对实验认识的发展过程划分为五个阶段:直觉感知阶段,思索探求阶段、动手操作阶段、串联总结阶段、创造设计阶段。根据学生对实验认识过程的五个阶段及各阶段中学生的心理活动特征,设计了化学“单元实验程序”教学方法。这种教学方法是以现行统编教材为依据,以一章为一个单元(初中五个单元,高中十四个单元),各节内容打通,把实验教学贯穿始终,按学生认识的五个阶段设计了五个程序。 现把五个程序中学生的心理活动特征及每一程序的具体做法、目的综述如下: 第一程序:直觉与启示——直觉感知阶段
According to the psychological activity characteristics of the students’ understanding of the experimental process, the students’ development process of experimental knowledge can be divided into five stages: intuition perception stage, thinking exploration stage, hands-on operation stage, series summary stage, and creation design stage. According to the student’s five stages of the process of understanding the experiment and the characteristics of the students’ psychological activities in each stage, the teaching method of chemistry “unit experiment program” was designed. This teaching method is based on the current textbook, with one chapter as a unit (five units in junior high school, and fourteen units in high school). The contents of each section are connected and the experimental teaching runs through the students in five stages. Five programs were designed. The psychological activity characteristics of the five programs and the specific practices and purposes of each program are summarized as follows: The first program: Intuition and revelation - Intuitive perception stage