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烧结Nd-Fe-B合金加工过程中会产生10%~30%的边角料、成型中可能的氧化粉末、烧结过程失误的废品及使用后的产品等,其中含有大量的Fe与丰富的稀土元素。一般研究主要的注意力集中在稀土元素的回收,也有部分仅针对Fe元素的回收利用研究,而对其他元素丢弃或者采用另外的方式处理,造成材料、资源的浪费,工艺成本亦相应增加。为综合利用有限资源,在(Pr Nd)xB1.05Al0.5Nb0.3Fe98.15-x合金的制备过程中,采用物理手段添加一定含量的废弃Nd-Fe-B磁体,从而制备出合格产品,并与不添加废弃磁体的(Pr Nd)xB1.05Al0.5Nb0.3Fe98.15-x合金进行对比研究。结果表明,经X射线衍射(XRD)分析,在废料少量添加的情况下,二者的物相相似,且经50℃老化处理1 h后,两种样品磁通量分别降低了0.51和0.52 Wb,经70℃处理1 h后,降低了0.96和0.95 Wb,再经90℃处理1 h后,又分别降低了0.80和0.82 Wb。相对于无废弃Nd-Fe-B磁体的样品,添加废料样品粉末颗粒较粗,比表面积较小,离散性稍大,但是其块体样品的微观结构基本一致。
Sintered Nd-Fe-B alloy processing process will produce 10% to 30% of the scrap, the possible formation of oxide powder, the sintering process and the use of waste products after the error, which contains a lot of Fe and rich rare earth elements. The main research focus is mainly on the recovery of rare earth elements, and some on the recovery of Fe elements, while other elements are discarded or treated in other ways, resulting in the waste of materials and resources and the corresponding increase of the processing costs. In order to comprehensively utilize the limited resources, a certain amount of abandoned Nd-Fe-B magnet was added by physical means during the preparation of (Pr Nd) xB1.05Al0.5Nb0.3Fe98.15-x alloy to prepare qualified products Compared with (Pr Nd) xB1.05Al0.5Nb0.3Fe98.15-x alloy without adding waste magnets, a comparative study was carried out. The results showed that the magnetic phases of the two samples decreased by 0.51 and 0.52 Wb respectively after X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis when the scrap was added in a small amount. After aging at 50 ℃ for 1 h, After treatment at 70 ℃ for 1 h, the values decreased by 0.96 and 0.95 Wb, respectively, and then decreased by 0.80 and 0.82 Wb respectively after treated at 90 ℃ for 1 h. Compared with the sample without discarded Nd-Fe-B magnet, the sample of scrap addition powder is coarse, the specific surface area is small and the dispersion is slightly larger, but the microstructure of the bulk sample is basically the same.