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一、鱼类育种技术的发展历史和现状现代鱼类育种技术,包括常规育种技术(即杂交和选育),鱼类性反转技术,染色体组工程,细胞工程和基因工程等五个技术领域。鱼类的常规育种,在1871年以前是自发的,无计划的。1871年,俄国科学家进行鲟×闪光鲟杂交,并指出了鱼类杂交育种的前景。此后,鱼类的杂交育种才进入有计划的轨道。本世纪三十年代,Kirpitchinckov发现鲤鱼品种间杂交存在杂交优势,并在生产上实际应用。五十年代以来,鱼类常规育种发展迅速,研究的对象主要集中于鲤鱼、虹鳟、沟鲶和罗非鱼。选育出一些品种,品系和杂优组合,同时,在遗传育种的基础理论方面也取得了重要进展。从世界范围而言,目前,鱼类的常规育种仍然是最富有成果的领域。
First, the history and status quo of the development of fish breeding technology Modern fish breeding technology, including conventional breeding techniques (ie hybridization and breeding), fish invertase technology, genome engineering, cell engineering and genetic engineering, five technical fields . Conventional breeding of fish, spontaneous and unplanned until 1871. In 1871, Russian scientists conducted crossbreeding with sturgeon × sturgeon sturgeon and pointed out the prospect of hybrid breeding of fish. Since then, the hybridization of fish has entered a planned orbit. In the thirties of this century, Kirpitchinckov found cross hybridization between varieties of common carp advantages and practical application in production. Since the 1950s, the routine breeding of fish has been developing rapidly. The research objects mainly focus on carp, rainbow trout, ditch catfish and tilapia. Breeding of some varieties, lines and hybrid combinations, at the same time, the basic theory of genetic breeding has made important progress. At the world level, at present, conventional breeding of fish remains the most fruitful area.