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目的了解北京市大兴区中小学生常见病患病情况,为今后的防治工作提供科学依据。方法根据2009—2010年度大兴区全体中小学生的健康监测资料,对学生视力低下、肥胖、营养不良、龋齿、沙眼、贫血的患病情况进行统计分析。结果参加体验学生共计62 280人,学生视力不良检出率为48.43%,女生高于男生,随学段上升而增高。肥胖检出率为12.63%,男生高于女生,随学段上升而减少。营养不良检出率为15.80%,女生高于男生,高中偏高,小学及初中相对偏低。缺铁性贫血检出率为0.77%,女生高于男生,随学段上升而增高。恒牙龋齿患病率为13.47%,女生高于男生,小学阶段偏低,初、高中普遍偏高。沙眼检出率为0.73%,男女生各学段的变化略有差别。结论视力低下、肥胖和龋齿的防治工作仍是常见病防治工作中的重中之重,要努力探索积极有效的预防措施,控制其增长。
Objective To understand the prevalence of common diseases among primary and secondary students in Daxing District of Beijing and provide scientific evidence for future prevention and treatment. Methods Based on the health monitoring data of primary and middle school students in Daxing District from 2009 to 2010, the prevalence of low vision, obesity, malnutrition, dental caries, trachoma and anemia were analyzed statistically. Results A total of 62 280 students were enrolled in the experiment, and the detection rate of poor eyesight was 48.43%. The female students were higher than those of the boys and increased with the increase of the school days. The detection rate of obesity was 12.63%, boys were higher than girls, and decreased with the rise of school. Malnutrition detection rate of 15.80%, girls than boys, high school, primary and junior high school is relatively low. Iron deficiency anemia detection rate of 0.77%, girls than boys, with the rise of the school segment increased. The prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth was 13.47%. The female students were higher than those in boys, the primary school was low, and the prevalence of dental caries was high in early and high school. Trachoma detection rate was 0.73%, male and female students slightly different changes in each section. Conclusion Low vision, prevention and treatment of obesity and dental caries are still the top priority in the prevention and treatment of common diseases. Efforts should be made to explore active and effective preventive measures to control their growth.