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硬度试验多数是用简单的测定方法即在试样某一微小部位来测定材料的特性。但它的缺点是可靠度比用同种材料作拉伸试验要低。因为硬度试验是一种比较性试验,有时它又可以代替拉伸试验对材料强度作出判断。如果充分理解硬度的物理意义,那么采用硬度试验法就要比拉伸试验法利用价值高。但是目前对维氏硬度(HV)、布氏硬度(HB)、洛氏硬度(HR)等压入硬度试验法所测的硬度值,仅反映了材料对压入变形的能力,而压头形状、压头压入方法及压痕的测定也不尽完美,因而开拓了理想的材料抵抗局部压入的硬度试验法即新的动态压入式硬度试验法。这种硬度试验法在于控制压头的压入速度,而试验时间短,适合作自动测量,它不仅适用金属材料,而且也适用塑料、橡胶等范围较广的材料。本文介绍该试验法原理、特征和实际应用。
Hardness test is the use of a simple measurement method that is a small part of the sample to determine the characteristics of the material. But its disadvantage is that the reliability is lower than the tensile test with the same kind of material. Because the hardness test is a comparative test, sometimes it can be used instead of the tensile test to judge the strength of the material. If you fully understand the physical meaning of hardness, then the use of hardness test method than the tensile test method with high value. However, hardness values measured by Vickers hardness test such as Vickers hardness (HB) and Rockwell hardness (HR) only reflect the ability of the material to be pressed into the deformation, and the shape of the indenter , Indenter method and indentation indentation measurement is not perfect, thus opening up the ideal material to resist the partial press-in hardness test method that the new dynamic press-in hardness test method. This hardness test method is to control the pressure head into the speed, and the test time is short, suitable for automatic measurement, it is not only suitable for metal materials, but also for plastics, rubber and a wider range of materials. This article describes the principle of the test method, characteristics and practical application.