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目前压力容器主要受压元件采用的材料为碳素钢、低合金高强度钢、钼钢和铬钼钢等铁基材料。对承压类设备的关键材料,即铁基材料的化学腐蚀损伤机理做全面的剖析,进而采取有针对性的方法控制化学腐蚀损伤的发生和发展,不仅对新型耐化学腐蚀损伤材料的设计和开发具有重要意义,而且对石油化工行业设备的安全运行和使用寿命具有重要价值。本文提出了引入催化领域固体表面化学的相关成果和研究方法,对铁基材料表面的化学行为深入剖析,研究其表面化学腐蚀机理。在剖析微观机理的基础上采用原子掺杂、构建局部微结构等方法,改变固体表面的原子结构,进而改变表面的电子云密度分布,使其不再对腐蚀性物质产生化学吸附,从原子层面构建钝化模型,为抗化学腐蚀损伤材料的设计指明方向。
At present, the main pressure vessel pressure vessel materials used for carbon steel, low alloy high strength steel, molybdenum steel and chromium-molybdenum steel and other iron-based materials. The key material of pressure-type equipment, that is, the chemical corrosion damage mechanism of iron-based materials to conduct a comprehensive analysis, and then take a targeted approach to control the occurrence and development of chemical corrosion damage, not only for the new type of chemical corrosion damage material design and Development of great significance, but also for the petrochemical industry equipment, safe operation and service life of great value. In this paper, we introduce the relevant achievements and research methods of the introduction of solid surface chemistry in the field of catalysis, analyze the chemical behavior of the surface of iron-based materials in depth, and study the mechanism of surface chemical corrosion. Based on the analysis of the microscopic mechanism, atom doping and local microstructures are used to change the atomic structure of the solid surface, and then the electron cloud density distribution of the surface is changed so as to prevent the chemical adsorption of the corrosive substances from the atomic level A passivation model is constructed to indicate the design of the chemical resistant damage material.