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鉴于古代君王的兴亡成败,先秦法家学派的集大成者韩非指出了官吏腐败对国家的危害。他认为,为臣者成为奸邪有“八术”。其中第四叫作“养殃”,即为迎合君主的享受奢淫,而去“尽民力,重赋敛,顺其所欲”,他们却“树私利其间”,“此亡国之风也”。“有道之国”必须使“臣不得以行义成荣,不得以家私为功”。商鞅也曾明确指出:“夫废法度而好私议,则奸臣鬻权以约禄;秩官之吏,隐下而渔民。谚曰:‘蠹众而木折,隙大而墙坏。’故大臣争于私而不顾其民,则下离上。下离上者,国之隙也。秩官之吏隐下以渔百姓,此民之蠹也。故有隙蠹而不亡者,天下鲜矣。是故明王任法去私,而国无隙蠹矣”。商鞅把利用职权贪污受贿、谋取非法私利的“大臣”、“秩官之吏”,形象地比喻为社会的蠹虫,认为这些蠹虫的存在必将危及整个国家的安全,需要及时予以清除。
In view of the success or failure of the ancient kings, Han Fei, a master of the pre-Qin legal school, pointed out that the corrupt officials were harmful to the country. In his opinion, there are “eight techniques” for the officials to become evil spirits. The fourth is called “raising calamity,” which is to cater to the monarch’s enjoyment of prostitution. . The “proper country” must make “the minister not to be righteous by virtue, not to use his furniture as his merit.” Shang Yang also made it clear: “When the law is abolished, the traitor is empowered by John Paul and the rank and file official, hidden under the fishermen. Therefore, the minister for private and regardless of their people, then leave the next under the country, the gap between the country and the rank and file officials implicit to fishermen, the people of beetles also. Carry on. It is therefore the Ming Wang Ren law to smuggle, but the country no gap beetle carry on. ” Shang Yang uses the “ministers” and “rank officials” who embezzle corruption and take bribes to gain illegitimate interests for personal use. They metaphorically represent the beetles in society. They believe that the existence of these beetles will endanger the security of the entire country and need to be promptly eliminated.