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一、前言在近代,几乎有过半的化工产品在其生产过程中采用了催化加工工艺,可是人们对催化、特别是对催化剂的作用和其选择规律的了解,却相当肤浅。在目前阶段,尽管已能发展一些高效、专一和复杂的现代石油化工和石油炼制催化工艺过程,甚至可以创造出对其实际反应一无所知的最便宜的加工工艺(如石油馏分的催化加氢精制费用仅为0.04美分/磅产品),可是却无法预测和阐明一些最简单的催化作用和过程。对生命现象的催化问题,人们的知识更为浅薄。由此可见催化问题的复杂性和理论远远落后于实际情况。在过去一、二十年中,半导体理论、固态物理和利用各式各样高级的物化测试仪器对表面和吸附物的综合考察曾相继成为催化基础研究的中心课题。这些工作,使人们对催化的认识有所深化,进一步认识到问题的复杂性,可是并没有使我们获得一种基本的、具有普遍意义的理论。目前离预测催化作用和掌握催化剂
I. Preface In the modern era, almost half of the chemical products used in the production process of catalytic processing technology, but people on the catalysis, especially the role of the catalyst and its selection rules of understanding, but quite superficial. At this stage, even though efficient, specific and complex modern petrochemical and petroleum refining catalytic processes have been developed, it is even possible to create the cheapest processing technologies that know nothing about their actual reactions, Catalytic hydrotreating costs only 0.04 cents / lb product), but can not predict and clarify some of the most simple catalytic effects and processes. The catalysis of the phenomenon of life, people’s knowledge more shallow. This shows that the complexity of the catalytic problems and theory lags far behind the actual situation. Over the past one or two decades, semiconductor theory, solid-state physics and the use of a wide range of advanced physicochemical testing equipment for surface and adsorbate comprehensive inspection have been the central task of catalytic basic research. These efforts have deepened people’s understanding of catalysis and further recognized the complexity of the issue. However, they have not given us a basic and universal theory. Currently the catalyst from the predicted catalyst and master