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内燃机工作效率、工作可靠性与经济性在很大程度上决定于活塞耐磨性。目前,强化铸造铝活塞广泛采用等离子或者氩电弧堆焊,同时添加填充材料。但是,这种强化方法必须严格保持规定的堆焊规范。堆焊时,因过热将会引起活塞凸起部和裙部区域变形,合金的强度性能丧失。此外,不能保证机械加工后所要求的活塞表面粗糙度,活塞过热还会造成金属硬度降低。采用AK4和AK4-1合金锻造的活塞堆焊时,将发生金属软化(图1)。
Internal combustion engine efficiency, reliability and economy depend largely on piston wear resistance. At present, extensive cast aluminum piston plasma or argon arc welding, while adding filler material. However, this reinforcement method must strictly maintain the specified welding specifications. Surfacing, due to overheating will cause deformation of the bulge and the skirt area of the piston, the strength of the loss of the alloy. In addition, the piston surface roughness required after machining can not be guaranteed and overheating of the piston can also result in a reduction of the hardness of the metal. When using AK4 and AK4-1 forged piston overlay welding, metal softening occurs (Figure 1).