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人的自由而全面的发展,是马克思恩格斯追求的理想目标。马克思恩格斯是在两种意义上使用“人的自由而全面的发展”的。其一,人的自由而全面的发展,是共产主义的本质特征。早在1848年,马克思和恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中就宣告:“代替那存在着阶级和阶级对立的资产阶级旧社会的,将是这样一个联合体,在那里,每个人的自由发展是一切人自由发展的条件。”之后,他们又多次阐述了这一基本思想,把每个人自由而全面的发展看成是比资本主义更高级的社会形式的“基本原则”。
The free and comprehensive development of man is the ideal goal pursued by Marx and Engels. Marx and Engels use the “free and all-round development of human beings” in two senses. First, the free and all-round development of man is an essential feature of communism. As early as 1848, Marx and Engels declared in the Communist Manifesto: “The replacement of the old bourgeois society, where class and class are opposed, will be such a consortium where the free development of each person is After all, they freely developed the conditions. ”They then repeatedly elaborated this basic idea and regarded each person’s free and comprehensive development as a“ basic principle ”of a more advanced social form than capitalism.