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2018年7月,日本发布第五次《能源战略规划》,首次明确提出了“2050年实现能源转型和脱碳化”的战略目标,结合以往4次《能源战略规划》,会发现能源转型一直是日本能源战略和政策的方向.2011年以前,日本将核能作为推进能源转型的主力能源,2011年核事故之后,日本在《能源战略规划》中强调,要通过多渠道推进能源转型.日本推动能源转型的主要渠道包括提升化石能源使用效率,增加水能、核能、风能、太阳能等新能源的开发和利用,促进能源节约,加强分布式能源系统建设和氢社会建设等,日本在这些渠道上采取了诸多措施,取得了大量成果.但是,日本当前面临的技术水平限制、民众对核能不信任、相关利益主体掣肘等挑战使得日本能源转型之路充满了不确定性.“,”In July 2018,Japan issued its 5th Strategic Energy Plan,which clearly put forward the strategic goal of “ energy transitions and decarbnization towards 2050 ” for the first time. Combining with the previous four Strategic Energy Plans,it will be found that energy transition has always been direction of Japan's energy strategy and policy. Before 2011,Japan took nuclear as the main energy to promote energy transition. After the nuclear accident in 2011,Japan emphasized in the Strategic Energy Plan that energy transition should be promoted through multiple channels. Japan's main channels for promoting energy transition include improving the efficiency of the use of fossil energy,increasing the development and utilization of new energy sources such as water,nuclear,wind and solar energy,promoting energy conservation, strengthening the construction of distributed energy systems and hydrogen society. Japan has taken many measures in these channels and achieved a lot of results. However,the current challenges Japan is facing,such as technological constraints,people's distrust of nuclear energy,and constraints from relevant stakeholders,make the path of Japan's energy transition full of uncertainty.