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人至老年,机体的各组织、脏器都逐渐老化。肾脏既是机体脏器之一,又是维持内环境稳定的关键器官,老年人全身疾病的肾外变化可引起肾功能的异常;而肾脏本身的病变又会导致其他脏器的代谢异常或产生疾病。由此可见,充分认识老年肾结构及功能的变化以及老年肾脏疾病的特点是十分必要的,这是面临着老龄化社会到来的临床医师急待解决的新课题。一、老年肾结构与功能的主要交化从40岁以后,人类肾脏的重量和体积开始减少,肾组织的丧失在肾皮质较髓质更为明显,至90岁时,肾实质的损失可高达40％。老年人的肾血管普遍硬化,除肾动脉有血管退行性变及动脉粥样硬化外,肾小动脉随增龄逐渐内膜增
People to the elderly, the body’s tissues, organs are gradually aging. Kidney is not only one of the organs of the body, but also to maintain the stability of the internal environment of the key organs of the elderly systemic changes in the kidney can cause abnormal renal function; and kidney disease itself can lead to other organs of the metabolic abnormalities or diseases . Thus, it is necessary to fully understand the changes of the structure and function of the aged kidneys and the features of the elderly kidney disease. This is a new issue urgently needed to be solved by the clinicians in the face of the aging society. First, the main structure of the elderly renal structure and function of the exchange from the age of 40, the human kidney weight and volume began to decrease, the loss of renal tissue in the renal cortex is more obvious than the medulla, to 90 years of age, the loss of renal parenchyma up to 40%. The elderly common renal vascular sclerosis, in addition to renal arteries with vascular degeneration and atherosclerosis, renal arterioles with increasing age gradually intimal hyperplasia