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目的探讨广西铁路系统女工生殖健康状况及其危险因素。方法采用整群抽样法选取铁路系统2 017名女工进行问卷调查,分别采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析方法,分析铁路女工生殖健康状况与人口学特征、职业接触史及婚育指标之间的关系。结果铁路女工生殖系统疾病患病率为41.8%,前三位分别是生殖道感染(22.91%)、乳腺增生(18.59%)及子宫肌瘤(12.30%)。在年龄、婚姻、家庭人均年收入、日均做家务时长、日均体育锻炼与娱乐时长、工作岗位、轮班作业、接触有害因素、妇科肿瘤家族史、月经异常、流产史、不良妊娠结局史及妊娠合并症方面,患病与未患病女工差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析提示,年龄、日均体育锻炼与娱乐时长、工作场所接触有害因素、妇科肿瘤家族史、月经异常、流产史、妊娠合并症是铁路女工生殖健康的影响因素。结论广西铁路女工生殖健康状况不容乐观,相关部门应针对影响女工生殖健康的主要因素提出干预措施,提高女工生殖健康水平。
Objective To explore the reproductive health status and risk factors of female workers in Guangxi railway system. Methods A total of 2 017 female workers in the railway system were selected by cluster sampling method to conduct questionnaire survey. The single factor and multiple factor Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between reproductive health and demographic characteristics, occupational exposure history, relationship. Results The prevalence rate of reproductive system diseases among railway women workers was 41.8%. The top three were reproductive tract infections (22.91%), mammary gland hyperplasia (18.59%) and uterine fibroids (12.30%). Average annual income per household, average length of housework per day, average daily physical exercise and entertainment hours, jobs, shift work, harmful contacts, family history of gynecologic cancer, abnormal menstruation, history of miscarriage, unfavorable pregnancy outcome, and Pregnancy complications, the difference was not statistically significant (P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, average daily exercise and entertainment duration, workplace exposure hazards, family history of gynecologic cancer, abnormal menstruation, miscarriage history and pregnancy complications were the influencing factors of reproductive health of railway women workers. Conclusions The reproductive health status of female workers in Guangxi railway is not optimistic. Relevant departments should put forward interventions aimed at affecting the reproductive health of female workers and improve their reproductive health.