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脑膜炎球菌是世界上流行性脑膜炎的主要病原菌。即使抗菌治疗及时,死亡率亦为5-10%。对接触者进行化学预防,可有效地控制本病的流行。美国自1985年起,除已知病原菌对磺胺嘧啶敏感外,则选用利福平600mg,每日二次口服,连续二日,进行预防。头孢三嗪是第三代头孢菌素,对脑膜炎球菌感染有效。一次肌注250mg,24小时唾液浓度仍可超过对该菌的最小抑菌浓度。为证实头孢三嗪一次肌注预防球菌性脑膜炎的效果,1987年在沙特阿拉伯的一次A组脑膜炎球菌流行中,对347名有密切接触该病的家庭成员随机分成二组。179人接受头孢三嗪一次肌注,成人剂量为250mg,15岁以下
Meningococci are the major pathogens of meningitis in the world. Even if antimicrobial treatment is timely, the mortality rate is 5-10%. Chemical prevention of contacts can effectively control the epidemic. The United States since 1985, except known to sulfadiazine sensitive pathogens, the selection of rifampicin 600mg, twice daily orally for two consecutive days, to prevent. Ceftriaxone is the third generation cephalosporin, effective against meningococcal infection. An intramuscular 250mg, 24-hour saliva concentration can still exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration of the bacteria. In order to confirm the efficacy of ceftriaxone for intramuscular inoculation against meningococcal meningitis, 347 family members with close contact with the disease were randomized into two groups in a group A meningococcal epidemic in Saudi Arabia in 1987. 179 people received intramuscular ceftriaxone, adult dose of 250mg, 15 years of age