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水在地下岩层中缓缓蜿蜒穿流过狭小的空间。我们可以在地表下的一定深度找到水,这些水多半是雨水。下大雨后,未经植物根茎利用的雨水就渗入到地里。有些雨水很快地在地下岩层间流过,几小时、几天、甚至几星期后就冒出,流进河谷里。有些雨水则留在地下几千年,若不是因为它的水道很长,就是因为它流得很慢。有些地下水在石灰岩层里停留久了,就会溶解岩石里的一些矿物质,拓宽岩石的裂缝,甚至把裂缝溶蚀成一个巨大的地下洞穴。地下河流会在地底剥落。这幅跨页的横剖面图,介绍的是法国的贝吉岩洞。
Water in the underground rock slowly winding through the narrow space. We can find water at a certain depth under the surface, which is mostly rainwater. After heavy rain, rainwater that has not been used by plant roots infiltrates into the ground. Some rainwater flows quickly between underground rock formations, and emerges in hours, days, or even weeks and flows into the valley. Some rainwater stays in the ground for thousands of years, either because of its long waterway or because of its slow flow. Some groundwater stays in limestone for a long time, dissolving some minerals in the rocks, widening the cracks in the rocks and even dissolving the cracks into a huge underground cave. Underground rivers will peel off the ground. This cross-sectional view of the cross-section of the Bayeux Caves in France.