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在语言理论史上,索绪尔从方法论角度做出了无与伦比的伟大贡献,是一位绝无仅有的承上启下者。他突破了历史比较语言学“本体求证”的套路,从“关系论”、“整体论”和“抽象论”三个方面转变了语言学研究。这三种视角使语言学研究结束了“本体论”时代,同时又为语言学研究进入“功能论”时代奠定了基础。索绪尔的研究方法既符合康德时代的认识论转向,也符合马克思以后的关系论转向,是历史与时代的产物。这使他成为历史语言学的终结者和功能语言学的奠基者。这是索绪尔语言学理论最重要的历史价值和意义。
In the history of linguistic theory, Saussure made an incomparable great contribution from the perspective of methodology and is the only one who has done so. He broke through the line of history comparative linguistics and “proof of ontology” and transformed linguistic studies from three aspects: relationship theory, holistic theory and abstract theory. These three kinds of perspectives make the study of linguistics end the “ontology ” era, and at the same time, it lays the foundation for linguistics research to enter the era of “function theory.” Saussure’s research methods are not only in line with the epistemological shift in the Kantian era but also in the turn of the relational theory after Marx, which is a product of history and the times. This made him the Terminator of Historical Linguistics and the founder of Functional Linguistics. This is the most important historical value and significance of Saussure’s linguistic theory.