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目的了解浙江省杭州市居民膳食铅、镉摄入情况,为开展相关膳食安全性评价提供科学依据。方法采用3 d食物称重法和3 d 24 h回顾法收集1 744名调查对象食物消费量数据,检测烹调后代表性食物样品中的铅、镉含量,计算个人摄入量并与相应摄入限值进行比较。结果杭州市居民每周膳食铅摄入量中位数为0.009 2 mg/kgbw,为铅暂定每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)的37.0%;每月膳食镉摄入量中位数为0.000 93~0.005 3 mg/kgbw,占镉暂定每月可耐受摄入量(PTMI)的3.7%~21.0%;各年龄组铅、镉摄入量总体存在差异(均P<0.001),其中未成年人铅摄入量中位数为0.011 mg/kgbw,镉摄入量中位数为0.000 77~0.016 mg/kgbw,均高于其他各年龄组(均P<0.008,多次两两比较调整后α值);谷类食物对个体膳食铅、镉摄入贡献率最高,分别为78.9%和44.8%。结论杭州市居民膳食铅、镉摄入量总体处于安全水平,但儿童青少年的摄入量较成人偏高,应引起重视。
Objective To understand the dietary intake of lead and cadmium in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, and to provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of dietary safety. Methods The food consumption data of 1 744 respondents were collected by 3 d food weighing method and 3 d 24 h retrospectively. The contents of lead and cadmium in the representative food samples after cooking were measured. The personal intake was calculated and compared with the corresponding intake The limits are compared. Results The median weekly dietary lead intake of Hangzhou residents was 0.009 2 mg / kg bw, which was 37.0% of PTWI. The median monthly dietary intake of cadmium was 0.000 93 ~ 0.005 3 mg / kg bw, accounting for 3.7% ~ 21.0% of the tentative monthly tolerable intake (PTMI) of cadmium; There was a significant difference in lead and cadmium intakes among all age groups (all P <0.001) The median lead intake of minors was 0.011 mg / kg bw and the median of cadmium intake was 0.000 77 ~ 0.016 mg / kg bw, which were higher than those of other age groups (P <0.008, respectively) Adjusted α value); cereal diet on lead, cadmium intake of the highest contribution rates were 78.9% and 44.8%. Conclusion The intake of dietary lead and cadmium in Hangzhou residents is generally at a safe level, but the intake of children and adolescents is higher than that of adults, which should be taken seriously.