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目的了解江陵县在校小学生人群结核病免疫力和结核感染状况,探讨学校结核病防控措施。方法应用TB-PPD对在校小学生进行皮内试验,72 h观察并判定反应结果,采用描述流行病学方法对试验结果进行分析。结果接受PPD试验学生2 465名,阳性人数为707名,总阳性率28.68%。其中强阳性20名,强阳性率0.81%。男生与女生阳性率分别为27.58%和30.02%,强阳性率分别为0.52%和1.16%,差异均无统计学意义。农村户藉学生阳性率高于城镇户藉学生,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.10,P值<0.01),年级间阳性率差异亦有统计学意义(χ2=7.52~30.52,P值均<0.01)。结论本次调查在校小学生PPD阳转率较低,与新生儿卡介苗接种质量不高和受检人群抗体保护水平随着时间推移抗体减弱均有关,提示接种单位仍要加强新生儿卡介苗规范接种,同时建议各地定期开展学生PPD试验,及早筛查结核病例,提高学校结核病防控效果。
Objective To understand the status of tuberculosis immunity and tuberculosis among pupils in primary schools in Jiangling County and to explore the prevention and control measures of tuberculosis in schools. Methods TB-PPD was used to study the in-school pupils’ intradermal test, 72-h observation and determination of the reaction results. The epidemiological method was used to analyze the test results. Results A total of 2 465 students were enrolled in the PPD test. The positive number was 707, with a total positive rate of 28.68%. Of which 20 were strong positive, strong positive rate of 0.81%. The positive rates of boys and girls were respectively 27.58% and 30.02%, with strong positive rates of 0.52% and 1.16% respectively, with no significant difference. The positive rate of rural students borrowing students was higher than that of urban students, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 10.10, P <0.01), and there was also a significant difference in positive rates between years (χ2 = 7.52-30.52, P All <0.01). Conclusions The survey shows that the prevalence of PPD in school pupils is relatively low, which is not related to the quality of BCG vaccination in neonates and the antibody abatement over time in the tested population, suggesting that the vaccination unit should still strengthen the standard vaccination of BCG in neonates, At the same time, it is suggested to carry out PPD test on a regular basis throughout the country, to screen the tuberculosis cases as soon as possible and to improve the prevention and control of tuberculosis in the school.