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鄱阳湖平原是我国重要的粮食生产基地,是华中单/双季稻作带,是基于遥感监测水稻多熟种植的典型区域。动态监测区域水稻熟制时空格局,对评估耕地利用强度、增强粮食供给功能以及保障国家与地区粮食安全具有重要意义。论文以鄱阳湖平原水稻主产区为例,首先结合水稻物候历、多年月均降水和Landsat影像云量特征,利用Landsat-5/7/8 TM/ETM+/OLI影像数据,在目视解译水田分布的基础上,基于合适时间窗口影像监测了主产区2005年和2013年水稻熟制变化格局;其次,通过农户访谈和调查问卷(677份)收集了主产区水稻种植及熟制变化的相关信息。研究表明:1)9月中旬到10月上旬是判别鄱阳湖平原单/双季稻的合适时间窗口。主产区9—10月处于少雨期,平均降水占全年的4%;云量覆盖小于等于10%的Landsat影像占20%,共484景,其中,9—10月占27%。2)2005—2013年,主产区水田面积减少2.68%,但复种指数增加9.0%,其中,单季稻减少1 061.35 km~2,双季稻增加1 564.45 km~2;2013年单季稻种植面积为4 795.63 km~2,双季稻为11 617.13 km~2,水稻复种指数为156.7%。3)空间上,双季稻主要分布在赣江河口三角洲、信江河口三角洲,而单季稻集中在鄱阳湖湖汊周边及市县(区)周围,总体上以赣江-饶河一线为界,界线以北以单季稻为主,以南则以双季稻为主。4)近3成受访农户近5 a调整了水稻熟制,其中“双改单”和“单改双”分别为14.2%和10.8%。另有4成多受调查县域存在主动弃耕现象,研究区弃耕或耕地他用比例占4.9%。
Poyang Lake Plain is an important grain production base in China. It is a single / double cropping belt in Central China. It is a typical area for monitoring multi-cropping rice based on remote sensing. Dynamically monitoring the spatial and temporal pattern of paddy cooking in the region is of great significance for assessing the intensity of cultivated land utilization, enhancing the function of food supply and ensuring the food security of the country and the region. Taking the paddy rice main producing area of Poyang Lake Plain as an example, the paper first uses the Landsat-5/7/8 TM / ETM + / OLI image data in combination with the phenological characteristics of rice, Based on the distribution of paddy fields, the patterns of paddy production in 2005 and 2013 in the main producing areas were monitored based on the images of suitable time windows. Secondly, the changes of paddy cultivation and ripening in the main producing areas were collected through farmer interviews and questionnaires (677) Related information. The research shows that: 1) From mid-September to early October, it is the proper time window to distinguish single / double cropping of Poyang Lake plain. From September to October, the main producing areas are in a period of low rainfall, with average precipitation accounting for 4% of the whole year. Landsat images with less than 10% of cloud cover account for 20% of the total, with a total of 484 scenes, of which 9% were from October to October. 2) From 2005 to 2013, the paddy field area in main producing areas decreased by 2.68%, but the multiple cropping index increased by 9.0%. Among them, the single crop paddy decreased by 1 061.35 km ~ 2 and the double crop paddy increased by 1 564.45 km ~ 2; the single crop paddy planting area in 2013 was 4 795.63 km ~ 2, double cropping rice was 11 617.13 km ~ 2, and rice multiple cropping index was 156.7%. 3) Space-wise, double cropping rice is mainly distributed in the delta of Ganjiang Estuary and the delta of Xinjiang River mouth, while single cropping of rice is concentrated around the periphery of Poyang Lake and surrounding cities and counties (districts). Generally speaking, To the north of single-season rice-based, south of double-season rice-based. 4) Nearly 30% of the surveyed households adjusted the cooked rice production in recent 5 years, of which 14.2% and 10.8% were “double change single” and “double change single” respectively. In addition, there were active abandonment in 40% of the investigated counties, accounting for 4.9% of the abandoned or cultivated land in the study area.