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食线虫真菌是指寄生、捕捉、定殖和毒害线虫的一类真菌,这类真菌是自然界中线虫种群控制的重要因子,也是动植物病害生物防治的重要研究材料,具有特殊的研究意义和经济价值。目前全世界共报道700余种食线虫真菌,包括捕食线虫真菌380余种,线虫内寄生真菌120余种,产毒真菌270余种和大量机会真菌。针对丰富的食线虫真菌资源,近年来世界各国尤其是中国科学家对其进行了广泛研究,在捕食线虫真菌资源的分类、系统进化、生态分布、有性无性联系等方面的研究取得了重要进展,在线虫内寄生真菌侵染宿主的方式及产毒真菌的次生代谢产物挖掘等方面也进行了广泛研究,文章综述了以上研究进展并简述了食线虫真菌资源的生物防治应用概况。
Nematophagous fungi are a group of fungi that parasitize, capture, colonize and poison nematodes. These fungi are important factors controlling the nematode population in nature and are important research materials for the biological control of plant and animal diseases. They have special significance and economic significance value. There are altogether more than 700 kinds of nematodes fungi reported in the world, including 380 species of nematode predators, 120 species of nematode parasites, 270 kinds of toxigenic fungi and a large number of opportunistic fungi. In recent years, many countries in the world, especially Chinese scientists, have carried out extensive research on the fungi resources of nematophagous. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research on the classification, phylogenetic, ecological distribution and sexual asexuality of nematode fungi, In the field of nematode parasitic fungus infection host the way and production of secondary metabolites of toxigenic fungi mining and other aspects also conducted a wide range of research, the article reviewed the progress of the above research and briefed on the biological control of nematophagous fungi resources application overview.