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(一)引言原生质体融合技术在食用菌良种选育中的应用是食用菌科研工作中的一个重大进展。它使蘑菇科学和现代遗传工程靠拢了一步。这种技术使食用菌的远缘杂交,相同交配型的杂交以及共生菌根类蘑菇的驯化栽培成为可能;同时,在遗传学的理论与实践中,赶上酵母菌和丝状真菌的水平。原生质体融合的技术研究属于细胞工程的范畴,它的开展约有20多年的历史,随着近年来遗传学的戏剧性发展,更推动了这方面的基础和应用研究。细胞壁消解后的原生质体,虽然失去了原有的形态,变成球体,但是它依然具有原生质膜和整体基因组,依
(A) Introduction The application of protoplast fusion technology in the breeding of edible fungi is a significant progress in the scientific research of edible fungi. It brings mushroom science and modern genetic engineering closer together. This technique makes the distant hybridization of edible mushrooms, the same mating type of hybridization and the domestication and cultivation of symbionts mycorrhizal mushrooms possible; the same time, in genetics theory and practice, to catch up with the level of yeast and filamentous fungi. Protoplast fusion technology research belongs to the category of cell engineering. Its development has about 20 years of history. With the dramatic development of genetics in recent years, it has promoted the foundation and applied research in this respect. The protoplast after cell wall digestion, although losing its original form, becomes a sphere, but it still has the plasma membrane and the whole genome, depending on