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一神聖羅馬帝國 德意志封建國家一如法蘭西,乃從查理曼帝国分离而來。組成德意志国家者最初为:土瓦本、佛兰哥尼亞、撒克遜和巴伐利亞等四個公爵領地和美因斯、瓦姆斯和斯拜亞三大主教管區。在墨森條約之後又併入了洛林公领地。德意志國家所在之地區,由於受到罗馬文化,特別是私有制影響較弱,因此保留着更多的農村公社以及由此而來的組織在公社內部的自由農民的相對的穩定性,使其封建化的過程较诸從同一查理曼帝国分離出來的法蘭西和意大利遠為遲緩。但是到十世紀以後封建化的進程已经十分明顯,農村公社已逐漸解體了。到十一世紀之後基本上完成了封建化的過程。封建化的部落諸侯與封建化了的國王官吏成为最大的封建领主——公爵和伯爵。土地較少的小
A Holy Roman Empire, a feudal country like France, is separated from the Empire of Charlemagne. The people who made up the German state were initially: the four ducal territories of Tauvoun, Franconia, Saxon and Bavaria and the three bishops of Mainz, Vargas and Speya. After the Mexican Senate Treaty and into the territory of Lorraine. The area in which the German state is situated has its influence on the relative stability of the rural communes and the consequent free peasants within the communes due to their weakened influence on the Roman culture, Is far behind France and Italy isolated from the same Charlemagne. However, the process of feudalization by the tenth century has become quite clear. The rural communes have gradually dissolved. By the turn of the eleventh century, the process of feudalization was basically completed. Feudal tribal princes and feudalized kings became the largest feudal lords - Duke and Earl. The land is small and small