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目的动态监测乌鲁木齐市米东区戈壁荒漠动物鼠疫流行状况,掌握主要宿主、传播媒介、种群结构和时间消长趋势,为鼠情防控工作和监测方法改进提供科学依据。方法按照《新疆维吾尔自治区戈壁荒漠鼠疫监测方案》的要求,2007—2014年的每年4—6月、9—11月定期开展监测工作。结果调查发现啮齿动物12种,媒介蚤14种,食肉动物5种,分离出3株鼠疫菌,大沙鼠鼠疫F1抗体阳性率29.33%~3.57%,除2007年和2011年外,其余年份均检出阳性血清。结论初步确定乌鲁木齐市米东区戈壁荒漠区域鼠疫主要感染动物为大沙鼠,偶然感染动物为三趾毛脚跳鼠;该区域种群结构鼠种主要为大沙鼠,其次为子午沙鼠;动物间鼠疫流行一直存在,为有效控制动物间鼠疫流行、防止人间鼠疫的发生,制定有效的防治措施,需进一步明确动物间鼠疫的流行规律和变化趋势。
Objective To dynamically monitor the epidemic situation of desert animal plague in the desert area of Gobi in Midong District of Urumqi and master the trend of growth and decline of main hosts, vectors, population structure and time, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rodent diseases and the improvement of monitoring methods. Methods According to the requirements of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Gobi Desert Plague Surveillance Program, the monitoring work was carried out regularly from April to June 2007 and from September to November 2007 from 2007 to 2014 respectively. Results The results showed that 12 species of rodents, 14 species of vector fleas and 5 species of carnivores were found. Three strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated. The positive rate of F1 antibodies against plague mice was 29.33% ~ 3.57%. Except for 2007 and 2011, Positive serum was detected. Conclusion The main infectious animal of the plague in the Gobi desert region of Midong District in Urumqi is primarily identified as gerbil, while the animal infected by chance is the Triggerfish. The species of the structure in this area are mainly gerbils, followed by Meriones unguiculatus; The prevalence of plague has always existed. In order to effectively control the epidemic of plague among animals and prevent the occurrence of plague in the world, effective prevention and control measures should be formulated to further clarify the epidemic rules and trends of plague in animals.