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1 引言 在我国北方寒冷地区葡萄根系冻害是一种常见的现象,特别是在纬度较高的长城沿线风沙区,葡萄根系冻害是人所共知的。宁夏地处北纬35°14′-39°23′,海拔1000—1200m,气候特点是春短、夏暑、秋凉、冬长而寒冷。同时,由于受到周围沙漠气候的影响,气温变化剧烈,年温差很大,首府银川绝对最高气温41.4℃,绝对最低气温-30.6℃,二者相差72℃。冬季最低气温常达到-20--25℃以下,冻土层60-80cm,葡萄的根系冻害几乎每年都有不同程度的发生。只下过是大多数年份根系冻害较轻,对葡萄的生长发育和结果无显著影响,并未引起人们的注意。然而能造成严重后果者,也是较为频繁的。根据笔者多年来的观察研究,葡萄根系冻害的发生规律是:三年一小冻,十年一大冻,三十年一次特大冻害。从1982年宁夏葡萄酒生产启动以夹,已发生了三次大的葡萄根系冻害,基本上符合上述规津。其中,第一次是1982年冬季,玉泉地区严重地段葡萄一年生幼树越冬死亡率达40％;第二次是1991年冬季葡萄（8—10年大树）越冬死亡率为70％;第三次是1999
1 Introduction Frost root damage is a common phenomenon in the cold regions of northern China, especially in the wind and sand regions along the Great Wall with high latitudes. It is well known that grape root frost damage is common. Ningxia is located at 35 ° 14’-39 ° 23 ’north latitude and 1000-1200 meters above sea level. Its climate is characterized by short spring, summer, cool autumn and long winter. At the same time, due to the impact of the surrounding desert climate, the air temperature changes drastically and the annual temperature difference is very large. The absolute maximum temperature of Yinchuan is 41.4 ℃ and the absolute minimum temperature is -30.6 ℃, a difference of 72 ℃. The lowest temperature in winter often reach below -20--25 ℃, permafrost layer 60-80cm, grape root freezing damage occurs to varying degrees every year. Only under most of the years, the root freeze injury is less, which has no significant effect on the growth and development of the grape and does not attract people’s attention. However, those who can cause serious consequences are also more frequent. According to the author’s observations over the years, the occurrence of grape root frost damage is: a small freeze in three years, a big freeze in ten years, a special freeze in thirty years. Ningxia wine production started in 1982 to clip, there have been three large grape root frost damage, basically in line with the regulation of the above. Among them, the first is the winter of 1982, Yuquan grapes annual grapes overwintering mortality of 40%; the second is the grapes in winter 1991 (8-10 years) overwintering mortality was 70%; the third Times are 1999