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采用田间试验,设置5种施氮水平,研究不同氮肥用量对土壤养分含量、春玉米产量和氮肥利用的影响。结果表明,优化施氮(N150)、优化施氮配施有机肥(N150+M)处理可增加土壤速效养分含量;土壤水分和温度受不同氮肥用量影响较小。N150和N150+M处理玉米增产幅度较大,增产率分别为19.44%和16.67%;N150处理的氮肥农学利用率最高,高量施氮处理(N180)最低;减量施氮(N120)与N150处理的氮肥偏生产力较高。优化施用氮肥处理,不仅可以增加土壤速效养分含量,保障速效养分对春玉米的及时供给,同时还可以增加春玉米产量,提高氮肥利用效率。
Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different nitrogen rates on soil nutrient content, spring maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency. The results showed that optimum nitrogen application (N150) and optimal nitrogen application combined with organic fertilizer (N150 + M) increased soil available nutrient content. Soil moisture and temperature were less affected by different nitrogen application rates. N150 and N150 + M treatments increased yield by 19.44% and 16.67% respectively; N150 had the highest agronomic efficiency and highest nitrogen fertilizer treatment (N180); and N120 and N150 Partial treatment of nitrogen fertility higher. Optimizing the application of N fertilizer could not only increase the available nutrient content of soil, ensure the timely supply of quick-acting nutrients to spring corn, but also increase the yield of spring maize and increase the efficiency of nitrogen use efficiency.