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文化程度低的成人,特别是农民,同达到一定文化程度的人相比,在语言和思维两方面,都有着明显的区别。开展成人教育,应当注意文化程度低的成人在这两方面的特点。一、语言方面语言是没有阶级性的。但由于人们的社会地位、文化程度、职业和生活的不同。却又形成了不同的“社会习惯语”。文化程度低的成人的语言也是一种社会习惯语,在我国三十年代曾经称之为“大众语”。它在词汇、语法、修辞等方面都与达到一定文化程度的人所惯用的语言(即语言学所称的“文学语言”——不等于文学作品的语言)有着明显的差别。从词汇方面看,文化程度低的成人的词汇可以说既贫乏又丰富。据估算,《汉语拼音词汇》所收的词,有百分之七十为文化程度低的成人所不用。从这一角度,可以说他们的词汇贫乏。然而,他们却还有相当大量的为达到一定文化程度的人所不解或不用或通常不用的词,其中有些词是文学语言里现有的词所不能代替的。当然这些词都是以方言的形式存在的。不同的方言区都存在着共同的规律;同一方言区的文
Adults with low education, especially peasants, have obvious differences in terms of language and thinking as compared with those who have attained a certain level of education. For adult education, attention should be paid to the characteristics of adults with low education level in these two aspects. First, the language language is not class. However, due to people’s social status, education level, occupation and life difference. But formed a different “social idioms.” The language of a less educated adult is also a social idiom, which was once called the “popular language” in China in the 1930s. It has obvious differences in terms of vocabulary, grammar, rhetoric, etc., and those used by people who have attained a certain level of education (that is, what linguistics call “literary language” - a language not equal to literary works). In terms of vocabulary, the vocabulary of adults with low education can be both poor and rich. It is estimated that 70% of the words collected by the Pinyin vocabulary are not used by adults with low education level. From this perspective, we can say that their vocabulary is poor. However, they still have quite a lot of words that people do not understand or do not use or usually do not have in order to reach a certain level of education. Some of these words can not be replaced by existing words in literary language. Of course, these words are in the form of dialects. There are common rules in different dialects areas; the same dialect area of the text