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从空间和时间角度分析了半波长输电线路的故障特征，推导了基于分布参数的半波长交流线路故障分量沿线分布特征及不同位置故障保护测量电流和电压，空间上半波长线路沿线故障分量存在明显的波动，呈非线性、非单调特征；由于半波长线路长达3000km，故障后电磁波传输及通道延时显著，严重影响保护的速动性。在此基础上，分析了现有保护原理对于半波长输电线路的适应性，分析结果表明：除方向元件外，常规电流差动保护及距离保护不适用于半波长线路，需要设计半波长线路的专用保护实现故障的快速切除。“,”Fault characteristics of half-wavelength AC transmission line were analyzed form space and time. The theoretical derivation of fault component along half-wavelength AC transmission line was proposed based on istribution parameter model. Measurement voltage and current of protection were analyzed. In space, fault components along half-wavelength AC transmission line are fluctuant, nonlinear and non-monotone. The length of half-wavelength line is 3000km and the time delay of electromagnetic wave and channel transmission is long. It impacts the speed of protection. On this basis, daptation of protections for half-wavelength AC transmission line was analyzed, the analysis results show that current differential protection and distance protection are not suitable for half-wavelength AC transmission line except directional element. New protection scheme is need to be proposed to protection half-wavelength AC transmission line.