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近年来，随着泌尿外科腔镜技术的不断成熟与发展，腔镜技术以治疗的安全有效性，并且提高了患者术中的舒适度、微创和术后较短的康复住院时间，大大降低了住院成本等优势，已经逐渐替代了传统的开放手术治疗。而输尿管镜术更是泌尿系内腔镜技术上的重要发展，改变了长期以来一直认为输尿管及以上部位难于进行直观检查及输尿管与肾脏疾病必须行开放手术进行治疗的传统概念。现就近年来输尿管镜术运用于上尿路的结石、上尿路肿瘤诊治及其他非结石病的治疗进展予以综述。“,”In recent years,as endoscopic technology in urology develops,it has replaced conventional open surgery due to its advantages of high safety and efficacy,enhanced intraoperative comfort level for the patients,shorter duration of hospital stay after minimally invasive and other surgeries,lower cost of hospitali-zation,etc..And ureteroscopy is an important development of urologic endoscopic technology,it has changed the traditional view that it is difficult to apply visual inspection to the ureter and the upper sites and open sur-gery must be performed to treat ureter and kidney diseases.Here is to make a review of the recent progress on ureteroscopy in the treatment for upper urinary tract stones,and diagnosis of upper urinary tract tumors and other non-gallstone diseases.