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近20年来,电子元器件的微型化不断取得进展。譬如,典型集成电路所用元器件的几何尺寸已从10微米减少到1微米以下,这不仅大大改善集成电路的功能和集成度,生产成本以及能耗亦相应大幅度下降。然而,根据经典物理理论分析和实验都已证明,传统电子元器件再进一步微型化面临着困难。以晶体管为例,当其几何尺寸缩小到0.1微米时,由于晶体管内部电子不再是自由运动
The past 20 years, the miniaturization of electronic components continue to make progress. For example, the geometry of components used in typical integrated circuits has been reduced from 10 microns to less than 1 micron, which not only greatly improves the functionality and integration of integrated circuits, but also significantly reduces production costs and energy consumption. However, according to the analysis and experiment of classical physics, it has been proved that traditional electronic components are facing further miniaturization. To transistor, for example, when its geometric size reduced to 0.1 microns, due to the internal transistor is no longer free movement