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目的了解青海省海西州大柴旦行委锡铁山镇(海拔3 700 m)一起手足口病暴发及疫情处理情况,为今后防治手足口病在本地区的流行提供参考依据。方法通过流行病学调查,结合临床症状和体征进行综合分析。结果此次手足口病暴发流行,主要集中在锡铁山幼儿园和锡铁山矿务局职工单身宿舍楼东侧家属院,全镇共有6岁以下儿童180名,其中19例染病,罹患率为10.56%;幼儿园发病10例,散居儿童发病9例,呈聚集流行,无死亡病例;其中男孩5例,女孩14例,男女之比为1:2.8。本次手足口病暴发流行的主要原因是对染病的流动人口管理不到位所致。结论对疫区来的流动人口应加强管理,必要时进行医学观察。应加强学校校医和社区医生的传染病预防控制专业知识培训,提高他们对重大传染病疫情及突发公共卫生事件的应急处置能力,落实好疫情报告制度。同时应利用广播电视等媒体开展针对社区居民的传染病防治知识宣传教育活动和讲座,提高全体社区居民的自我保健意识和传染病预防知识水平,是防治手足口病等传染病暴发流行的有效手段。
Objective To understand the situation of hand-foot-mouth disease outbreaks and outbreaks in Xitiaoshan Town (4,700 m above sea level) of Dachai Dan, Haixi Prefecture, Qinghai Province, and provide a reference for future prevention and control of HFMD in this area. Methods Through epidemiological investigation, combined with clinical symptoms and signs of a comprehensive analysis. Results The outbreak of hand-foot-mouth disease was mainly focused on the families of the east side of the single-dormitory in Xishishan Kindergarten and Xieshan Mining Bureau. There were 180 children under the age of 6 in the town, of which 19 were infected and the attack rate was 10.56%. There were 10 cases of kindergarten onset and 9 cases of scattered children. There were 5 cases of boys and 14 cases of girls. The ratio of male to female was 1: 2.8. The main reason for the outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease epidemic is due to the management of floating population not in place. Conclusion The floating population from the affected areas should be strengthened management and medical observation should be carried out when necessary. Schools should be strengthened and community doctors in infectious disease prevention and control of professional knowledge training, to improve their ability to respond to major infectious diseases and public health emergencies, and implement the epidemic reporting system. At the same time, we should make use of radio and television media to carry out publicity and education campaigns and lectures on infectious disease prevention and control for community residents and raise the awareness of all residents in our community on the importance of self-care and prevention of infectious diseases. This is an effective measure to prevent outbreaks of HFMD and other infectious diseases .