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埋藏在地下深处的油气组份，通过断层、裂隙、可渗透地层以及地下水等多种途径向上运移至地表附近时，改变了原始地表土壤的地球化学场，在土壤中形成可辨异常。油气化探就是运用土壤烃、土壤蚀变碳酸盐（△Ｃ），土壤汞、甲烷及△Ｃ碳同位素等从土壤、岩芯、水体中检测油气运移的迹象，在地表发现异常，进而研究评价这种地球化学异常和油气的微渗漏及油气圈闭类型等关系，为寻找埋藏在地下深部的油气藏提供信息。
Hydrocarbon components buried in the depths of underground can change the geochemical field of the original surface soil and form discernible anomalies in the soil when it is transported up to the vicinity of the earth’s surface through faults, fractures, permeable formations and groundwater. Geochemical exploration is the use of soil hydrocarbons, soil altered carbonates (△ C), soil mercury, methane and △ C carbon isotopes from the soil, core and water bodies in the detection of oil and gas migration signs in the surface anomalies, and thus The study evaluated the relationship between such geochemical anomalies and hydrocarbon microleakage and hydrocarbon trap types, and provided information for the purpose of finding buried reservoirs in the deep underground.