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清朝末年,清政府为御辱强国而在全国范围内编练新军。在编练过程中新军就已凸现其可能发生质变的种种内在因素,并在辛亥一役实现了总爆发,其归路出现了两种完全不同的轨迹。在以往的研究中突出了革命党人宣传组织的作用,而其实更应看到新军内在因素及其将领在变革中所发挥的重要作用。通过对发生两种质变的新军进行逐一剖析,可以更清楚地看到两者之所以背道而驰的个中原因。
In the last years of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government practiced the new army throughout the country to defend and insult the nation. During the process of compiling, the Forces Nouvelles have already embarked on various internal factors that may have undergone such a qualitative change. In the first battle of 1911, the New Army achieved a total outbreak, and two completely different trajectories appeared in its return route. In previous studies, the role of propaganda organizations of the revolutionaries has been highlighted. In fact, the intrinsic forces of the new army and the important role played by its generals in the reform should be seen. By analyzing the new military forces that have taken the two qualitative changes one after the other, we can clearly see the reason why the two sides run counter to one another.