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我们从高一就开始系统地学习定语从句了，到高二必修七时它的全部要点已基本接触，但定语从句有以下五大类型，是同学们最容易混淆并出错的地方。
1. 关系代词做介词宾语
在限制性定语从句中如果介词置于句末,关系代词仍可以用who, whom, which或that。
This is the house (which/that) Lu Xun lived in.
This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.
如果定语从句中谓语动词为介词动词(固定搭配), 那么介词必须后置, 不能与动词拆开置于关系代词之前。
This is the pen (which/that) I am looking for.
再如：
He has two sons, neither of whom looks like him.
He has two sons, and neither of them looks like him.
I’ve got two sisters. Both of them are in Shanghai.
第一个句子为定语从句，关系代词whom指代two sons,在定语从名中介词of的宾语。第二个句子为并列结构，由并列连词and连接，人称代词them指代two sons。第三个为两个独立的句子，两个句子中间用句号，两句开头的第一个字母都大写。
【总结】
介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句，关键是介词的选择，选择的根据有二：从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配；从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出，此时关系代词只能用which 或 whom，不可用that 或who 代替。
2. 常用that作关系代词的几种情况
先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。
This is the best film that has ever been made.
The first place (that) we visited was the Great Wall.
先行词有the only，the very修饰时，只用that。
The only thing (that) he had in the room was a bed.
在不定代词如all，anything，nothing，the one，much，few，any，little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
This is all (that) I want to say.
Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
先行词为人和物的名词词组时，关系代词用that。
They talked of persons and things that they remembered in the school.
3. 不用that的情况
在引导非限定性定语从句时，介词后不能用that。
The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (错)
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
4. 定语从句与强调句
It is the place where they lived before.
It is in the place that they lived before.
第一个句子为定语从句，where指代the place，在定语从句中作状语；第二个句子为强调句，强调in the place，that没有意义，把in the place 放回后面句子，句子意思完整。
Where is it that he found the lost watch? (强调句型，强调疑问副词where)
Where is the watch that he found yesterday? (定语从句，that指代the watch)
【例题】
It was with great joy___________he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.
A. because B. which C. sinceD. that
解析D。考查强调句型。强调原因状语，但不能误选because，强调句型不管强调什么成分，都可以用that。
5. 定语从句与同位语从句
同位语从句与定语从句从形式上看好像没什么区别，实际在含义和功能方面还是比较容易区分的。同位语从句的先行词一般为fact, idea, news, thought, reply, report, problem等抽象名词，而且关联词大都为that，在idea, problem等词后根据句意可能用到who, when, why, how等其他关联词。关联词that在同位语从句中仅仅起连接作用，不作任何成分，但又不可省略。定语从句的关联词（关系代词和关系副词）在从句中则要充当句子成分且有实际含义。试比较：
The news that we heard is not true.(定语从句)
The news that he won the prize is not true.(同位语从句)
定语从句相当于形容词，它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用，而同位语从句则相当于名词，它对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释，即说明该词所表示的具体内容。
在“have no idea+从句”结构中，其从句都作idea的同位语。例如：
I have no idea when she will be back.
【例题】
A warm thought suddenly came to me ___________
I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.
A. if B. when
C. that D. Which
解析C。考查关联词that引导的同位语从句。先行词为thought，that引导的同位语从句表达thought的内容。由于从句太长，故将其移至句末以保持句子平衡。注意不能误选which。
练习
1. I don’t like the way___________. (speak)
我不喜欢你和我讲话的方式。
2. The man___________I spoke on the phone last night is very good at swimming.（who）
昨天晚上和我讲电话的那个男人很擅长游泳。
3. The rider and his bike___________
were held up by the police. (run)
车手和他那辆撞倒老奶奶的自行车被警察拦下了。
4. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people,___________ . (healthy)
我们不应该花钱给那么多人做检查，他们中大多数是健康的。
5. —Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm___________ . (work)
—你在哪儿认识她的？
—在我们工作的农场上。
6. We haven’t settled the question of
___________it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A. if B. where
C. whether D. That
参考答案
1. (that/in which) you speak to me
2. to whom
3. that had run over an old woman
4. most of whom are healthy
5. where we worked
6. C。考查whether引导的同位语从句。这个句子中的of可以省略。从形式上看，of后面的从句为介词的宾语从句，但实际上of连接的question与whether引导的从句是同位关系。注意不能误选if，在表示“是否”含义时，介词后或在同位语从句中不可用if。
1. 关系代词做介词宾语
在限制性定语从句中如果介词置于句末,关系代词仍可以用who, whom, which或that。
This is the house (which/that) Lu Xun lived in.
This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.
如果定语从句中谓语动词为介词动词(固定搭配), 那么介词必须后置, 不能与动词拆开置于关系代词之前。
This is the pen (which/that) I am looking for.
再如：
He has two sons, neither of whom looks like him.
He has two sons, and neither of them looks like him.
I’ve got two sisters. Both of them are in Shanghai.
第一个句子为定语从句，关系代词whom指代two sons,在定语从名中介词of的宾语。第二个句子为并列结构，由并列连词and连接，人称代词them指代two sons。第三个为两个独立的句子，两个句子中间用句号，两句开头的第一个字母都大写。
【总结】
介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句，关键是介词的选择，选择的根据有二：从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配；从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出，此时关系代词只能用which 或 whom，不可用that 或who 代替。
2. 常用that作关系代词的几种情况
先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。
This is the best film that has ever been made.
The first place (that) we visited was the Great Wall.
先行词有the only，the very修饰时，只用that。
The only thing (that) he had in the room was a bed.
在不定代词如all，anything，nothing，the one，much，few，any，little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
This is all (that) I want to say.
Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
先行词为人和物的名词词组时，关系代词用that。
They talked of persons and things that they remembered in the school.
3. 不用that的情况
在引导非限定性定语从句时，介词后不能用that。
The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (错)
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
4. 定语从句与强调句
It is the place where they lived before.
It is in the place that they lived before.
第一个句子为定语从句，where指代the place，在定语从句中作状语；第二个句子为强调句，强调in the place，that没有意义，把in the place 放回后面句子，句子意思完整。
Where is it that he found the lost watch? (强调句型，强调疑问副词where)
Where is the watch that he found yesterday? (定语从句，that指代the watch)
【例题】
It was with great joy___________he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.
A. because B. which C. sinceD. that
解析D。考查强调句型。强调原因状语，但不能误选because，强调句型不管强调什么成分，都可以用that。
5. 定语从句与同位语从句
同位语从句与定语从句从形式上看好像没什么区别，实际在含义和功能方面还是比较容易区分的。同位语从句的先行词一般为fact, idea, news, thought, reply, report, problem等抽象名词，而且关联词大都为that，在idea, problem等词后根据句意可能用到who, when, why, how等其他关联词。关联词that在同位语从句中仅仅起连接作用，不作任何成分，但又不可省略。定语从句的关联词（关系代词和关系副词）在从句中则要充当句子成分且有实际含义。试比较：
The news that we heard is not true.(定语从句)
The news that he won the prize is not true.(同位语从句)
定语从句相当于形容词，它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用，而同位语从句则相当于名词，它对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释，即说明该词所表示的具体内容。
在“have no idea+从句”结构中，其从句都作idea的同位语。例如：
I have no idea when she will be back.
【例题】
A warm thought suddenly came to me ___________
I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.
A. if B. when
C. that D. Which
解析C。考查关联词that引导的同位语从句。先行词为thought，that引导的同位语从句表达thought的内容。由于从句太长，故将其移至句末以保持句子平衡。注意不能误选which。
练习
1. I don’t like the way___________. (speak)
我不喜欢你和我讲话的方式。
2. The man___________I spoke on the phone last night is very good at swimming.（who）
昨天晚上和我讲电话的那个男人很擅长游泳。
3. The rider and his bike___________
were held up by the police. (run)
车手和他那辆撞倒老奶奶的自行车被警察拦下了。
4. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people,___________ . (healthy)
我们不应该花钱给那么多人做检查，他们中大多数是健康的。
5. —Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm___________ . (work)
—你在哪儿认识她的？
—在我们工作的农场上。
6. We haven’t settled the question of
___________it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A. if B. where
C. whether D. That
参考答案
1. (that/in which) you speak to me
2. to whom
3. that had run over an old woman
4. most of whom are healthy
5. where we worked
6. C。考查whether引导的同位语从句。这个句子中的of可以省略。从形式上看，of后面的从句为介词的宾语从句，但实际上of连接的question与whether引导的从句是同位关系。注意不能误选if，在表示“是否”含义时，介词后或在同位语从句中不可用if。