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通过遗传型不同的类型间的配子结合获得杂种,并且对杂种进行培育和选择以获得新的品种类型叫做有性杂交育种,简称杂交育种。如用南方产的大果、优质、耐贮的苹果或梨的品种和北方产的抗寒性强的苹果或梨品种杂交育成大果、质优,耐贮而抗寒的新品种。这是一种基因重组过程中综合来自不同亲本控制有利性状的基因,使新培育的品种具有双亲优良的经济性状的效应.另外,在有性杂交过程中,还可以利用不同亲本间的杂种优势,使新培育的品种类型产生超越亲本的性状,如从两个不太早熟的品种杂交获得成熟期早于双亲的新品种,用两个含糖量不很高的品种杂交获得含糖量高于双亲的新品种类型,这是由基因互作产生的非加性效
Hybrids are obtained by combining gametes from different genotypes, and hybrids are bred and selected to obtain a new variety type called Sexual Hybrid Breeding, referred to as cross breeding. For example, the new varieties of large fruit, high quality, storability and cold resistance can be bred by crossbreeding the large-scale fruit, high-quality and storable apple or pear varieties from South China and the hard-cold apple or pear varieties from North China. This is a gene recombination process that synthesizes favorable genes controlled by different parents so that newly cultivated varieties have the effect of good economic traits of parents. In addition, heterosis between different parents can also be utilized in the process of sexual crossbreeding , So as to make the newly cultivated varieties produce characteristics beyond their parents. For example, two new varieties with earlier maturity than their parents are obtained from the cross of two less premature varieties, and two varieties with high sugar content are not crossed to obtain high sugar content In the new breed type of parents, this is a non-additive effect resulting from the interaction of genes