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1.1953年与1954年兩年中會用苏联选种站常用的春化階段分析方法研究了華东區主要小麥品种的春化階段特性,有104個品种的春化適温与要求的日數可以初步肯定下來。这104個品种按对春化处理的反应可歸納四個主要類型: (1) 冬型:0—3℃為其適温,春化日數長於30日,对照在南京春播條件下不能抽穗。 (2) 半冬型A:5—8℃為其春化適温(但於10—12℃下亦能有春化效果),对照於南京春播能抽穗。春化階段發育長為20日左右。这一類型与春型小麥不同的地方是高温下春化階段發育顯著延遲。 (3) 半冬型B:5—8℃為其春化適温,对照不能抽穗,春化階段26—30日。 (4) 春型:0—3℃,5—8℃,10—12℃处理下均能正常抽穗,处理間抽穗期差異很小,对照都能抽穗,处理較对照提早抽穗一般為0—2日。 2.品种的春化階段特性与其原產地的自然環境條件密切相關。在1月等温線—2℃至0℃之間的品种多冬型,1月等温温線4℃以南多屬春型發育的小麥,0℃至4℃之間的地方品种以冬型与半冬型為主。
1. In the two years of 1953 and 1954, the vernalization stages of the main wheat varieties in East China were studied by the common vernalization stage analysis method in the Soviet Union. There are 104 varieties of vernalization temperature and the required number of days can be preliminary Be sure. The 104 varieties were classified into four main types according to their response to vernalization: (1) Winter type: 0-3 ℃ was suitable temperature, the number of vernalization was longer than 30 days, and the control could not be heading in spring in Nanjing. (2) Half-winter type A: 5-8 ℃ is its suitable temperature for vernalization (but also has the vernalization effect at 10-12 ℃), which can be heading in spring in Nanjing. The vernalization stage is about 20 days long. The difference between this type and spring wheat is that there is a significant delay in the development of the vernalization stage at high temperatures. (3) Half-winter type B: 5-8 ℃ for its vernalization temperature, the control can not heading, vernalization stage 26-30 days. (4) Spring type: Normal heading at 0-3 ℃, 5-8 ℃ and 10-12 ℃, and there was little difference in the heading date between the treatments. Earlier heading of treatment was generally 0-2 day. The varieties of vernalization stage characteristics and its origin of natural environment conditions are closely related. In January the isotherm -2 ℃ to 0 ℃ varieties of winter type, January isotherm temperature 4 ℃ south of mostly spring wheat, 0 ℃ to 4 ℃ between the local varieties of winter and semi-winter type Mainly.