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疏松与白口是铸铁件较常见的材质缺陷。铸铁件的材质主要取决于铁水的化学成分和铸件的冷却速度。在铸型条件确定的情况下,铸件壁厚对冷却速度影响最大。同一铸件的厚壁和薄壁部分、内部和外表都可能获得显然不同的组织;同一牌号的铁水浇铸厚壁件会形成材质疏松,而浇铸薄壁件则可能产生白口。为了保证铸件的机械性能和加工要求,我们在编制工艺时必须根据铸件的不同壁厚来调整铁水的化学成分,即选择铁级。在生产中,铁级取决于配料和熔炼技术,用炉前三角试块检验,由浇注工人依据铸件的要求把关。
Loose and white mouth is a more common cast iron pieces of material defects. The material of the cast iron mainly depends on the chemical composition of the molten iron and the cooling rate of the castings. In the case of the casting conditions are determined, the casting wall thickness of the cooling rate of the greatest impact. The thick and thin parts of the same cast may have clearly different internal and external structures; the same grade of hot metal castings will form a loose material and the cast thin-walled parts may produce white streaks. In order to ensure the mechanical properties and processing requirements of castings, we must adjust the chemical composition of the molten iron according to the different wall thickness of the castings in the preparation of the process, that is, select the iron grade. In the production, the iron level depends on the ingredients and smelting technology, with the furnace before the triangle test block, by casting workers based on the requirements of the casting checks.