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目的:掌握云南省外环境水碘分布现状，为科学补碘提供依据。方法:2017年按照《全国生活饮用水水碘含量调查方案》，以乡、镇、街道办事处（以下简称乡）为单位开展水碘含量调查。2018年，对既往调查发现的存在饮用水碘含量> 40 μg/L水样的行政村开展高碘村搜索调查。集中式供水村，采集2份末梢水水样。分散或部分分散供水村，每个村按东、南、西、北、中5个方位，在多于50个水源的村，每个方位抽取10%的水源；少于50个水源的村，每个方位各抽取1个水源；少于5个水源的村全部抽取，测定水碘含量。同时，调查供水方式、人口学资料。结果:乡级水碘调查结果，共采集16个州（市）、129个县（市、区，简称县）、1 389个乡的24 589份水样，乡水碘中位数为1.3 μg/L，范围为0.0 ~ 9.3 μg/L。调查覆盖人口占全省人口数的53.94%（25 013 804/46 371 207）。高碘村搜索调查结果，共调查12个州（市）、37个县、68个乡的93个行政村，覆盖40 940户，覆盖人口208 880人。共检测761份饮用水水样，行政村水碘中位数为1.3 μg/L，范围为0.0 ~ 196.8 μg/L。水碘中位数> 100 μg/L的行政村有2个，分别是祥云县刘厂乡小波那村（145.8 μg/L）和宣威市羊场乡大松树村（196.8 μg/L）。结论:云南省水碘含量普遍偏低，属环境缺碘地区，应继续坚持食盐加碘策略，防止碘缺乏危害。对发现的高碘村，需进一步开展病情调查，明确防治措施。“,”Objective:To accurately grasp the current status of water iodine distribution in environmental of Yunnan Province, and provide a basis for scientific iodine supplementation.Methods:In 2017, according to the “National Drinking Water Iodine Content Survey Program”, a survey of water iodine content was conducted in townships. In 2018, a search survey was carried out for administrative villages with water samples of iodine content > 40 μg/L in drinking water found in previous surveys. In centralized water supply villages, 2 samples of end water were collected. In decentralized or partially decentralized water supply villages, each village was divided into 5 parts: east, south, west, north and center. In villages with more than 50 water sources, 10% of the water sources were selected from each part; villages with less than 50 water sources, one water source was selected from each part; villages with less than 5 water sources, all the water sources were selected to determine the water iodine content. At the same time, the mode of water supply and demographic data were investigated.Results:At the township level water iodine survey, a total of 24 589 water samples were collected from 1 389 townships in 129 counties of 16 prefectures (cities). The median water iodine content of township was 1.3 μg/L, ranging 0.0 - 9.3 μg/L. The population covered by the survey accounted for 53.94% (25 013 804/46 371 207) of the total population of the province. According to the survey results of high iodine villages, 93 administrative villages in 68 townships of 37 counties in 12 prefectures (cities) were surveyed, covering 40 940 households and 208 880 people. A total of 761 samples of drinking water were tested, and the median water iodine content of administrative villages was 1.3 μg/L (ranging 0.0 - 196.8 μg/L). There were 2 administrative villages with iodine higher than 100 μg/L, which were Xiaobona Administrative Village (145.8 μg/L) in Liuchang Township, Xiangyun County, and Dasongshu Administrative Village (196.8 μg/L) in Yangchang Township, Xuanwei City.Conclusions:The iodine content of water in Yunnan Province is generally low, which belongs to the area of environmental iodine deficiency. For the high iodine villages, further investigation should be carried out to clarify the prevention and control measures.