论文部分内容阅读
目的 考核乙脑减毒活疫苗大面积接种后的安全性和降低乙脑发病率，在乙脑高发区安徽省蒙城和涡阳县进行为期５ 年（１９９２ ～１９９６ 年） 的人群观察。方法 观察对象为１ ～６ 岁儿童。１ 岁初免１ 针，２ 岁加强１ 针。结果 通过５ 年连续观察共接种乙脑活疫苗３３５ ９４１ 人。表明：①疫苗对小龄儿童接种后近期和５ 年内均未出现不良反应，表明疫苗是安全的。②当地乙脑平均总发病率有显著性下降，从接种观察前１９８７ ～１９９１ 年的１１ ．３４／１０ 万下降到１９９２ ～１９９６ 年的２ ．７４／１０ 万（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．００５） 。③１ ～６ 岁儿童发病专率观察前５ 年涡阳县平均为５６ ．２４／１０ 万，蒙城县为４４ ．５７／１０ 万；普种后５ 年，两县分别下降至１３ ．８３／１０ 万和１６ ．９４／１０ 万（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．００５） 。④有接种史儿童发病率明显低于无接种史的儿童（２ ．２１／１０ 万和３５８ ．１／１０ 万） 。１８ 例死亡病例全部为无接种史者。⑤疫苗免疫一针后中和抗体阳转率为８３ ．８７ ％ ～９４ ．７４ ％ 。结论 乙脑活疫苗安全有效，接种后可明显提高机体的免疫力，对降低乙脑发病控制流行效果显著。
Objective To evaluate the safety and reduce the incidence of Japanese encephalitis after a large area inoculated live attenuated JE vaccine and observe the population for 5 years (1992 ~ 1996) in Mengcheng and Guoyang counties in Anhui Province. Methods The observation object was 1 to 6 years old children. 1-year-old-free 1-pin, 2-year-old to strengthen a pin. Results A total of 335 941 live JE vaccines were co-administered through 5 consecutive years of observation. The results showed that: ① There was no adverse reaction in the short term and in 5 years after the vaccination of young children, indicating that the vaccine was safe. ② The average incidence of local JE has dropped significantly, from before inoculation observed in 1987 ~ 1991 11. 34/10 million dropped to 1992 ~ 1996 2. 74/10 million (P <.005). ③ The incidence rate of children aged 1 to 6 years observed 56 years in Guoyang County in the first 5 years. 24/10, Mengcheng County is 44. 57/10 million; in the five years after universal access, the two counties dropped to 13 respectively. 83/10 and 16. 94/10 million (P <.005). ④ The incidence of children with vaccination history was significantly lower than that of children without vaccination history (2.21 / 100000 and 358.1 / 100000). All 18 cases of death were vaccinated without history. ⑤ vaccination after a needle neutralization antibody positive conversion rate of 83. 87% ~ 94. 74%. Conclusion The JE vaccine is safe and effective. After inoculation, it can obviously improve the immunity of the body and has a significant effect on reducing the control epidemic of JE.