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一、扩大对外贸易的政策措施俄罗斯为了扩大对外贸易,多创外汇,以缓解国内商品极度匮乏与外汇严重不足的矛盾,振兴国民经济,对以下方面的政策进行了调整:1.进出口关税。今年年初开始,俄罗斯实行出口税政策。由于俄国内经济形势极不景气,企业经营状况普遍恶化,致使出口企业难以再抽出资金支付出口税,合同难以履行,也无法再接受新的订单。以石油出口为例,俄石油出口价约为110美元/吨,加上国内其它税金、成本等,企业最多只能获利10-20%。对市场疲软的产品出口,企业支付出口税以后,几乎没有多少利润,导致企业无出口积极性,在本国市场出售产品更感兴趣,严重影响了俄罗斯的出口贸易。今年一季度,俄罗斯产品出口总额比去年同期下降了近20%。针对出口税政策对俄出口贸易和工业企业造成的不良影响,从3月1日起,俄罗斯降低了480种征收出口关税商品中的100种商品的关税。如粗、精矿石、铁矿石出口税率均降低
I. Policies and Measures for Enlarging Foreign Trade In order to expand foreign trade and create more foreign exchange, Russia has taken the initiative to ease the contradiction between the extreme lack of domestic commodities and the serious shortage of foreign exchange and revitalized the national economy. The following policies were adjusted: 1. Import and export tariffs. Beginning of this year, Russia implements the export tax policy. Owing to the extremely sluggish economic situation in Russia, the business conditions of the enterprises are generally deteriorating, making it difficult for exporters to withdraw their funds to pay export taxes. As a result, the contracts are difficult to fulfill and new orders can not be accepted any more. Taking oil export as an example, the export price of Russian oil is about 110 US dollars / ton. With other domestic taxes and costs, the enterprises can only earn 10-20% of the profits. With regard to the export of weak products in the market, after the export tax has been paid by the enterprises, there is almost no profit, leading to the lack of enthusiasm for exportation and more interest in selling products in the domestic market, seriously affecting Russia’s export trade. In the first quarter of this year, the total volume of Russian exports dropped nearly 20% over the same period of last year. In response to the adverse impact of the export tax policy on Russia’s export trade and industrial enterprises, starting from March 1, Russia reduced the tariffs on 480 kinds of goods out of 480 for export duty-free goods. Such as crude, refined ore, iron ore export tax rates are reduced