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在晚清知识界对国际法的诠释中,天下主义和民族国家是两个主要的思想路径。从天下主义立场出发,知识分子对国际法道义精神进行渲染,并通过二者的沟通,重建了理想化的大同世界想象,以化解西方世界秩序扩张带来的压力。民族主义特别是民族竞争学说输入后,则引导知识分子在将国际法视为强权政治的体现的同时,也视之为现代性的象征,呼吁中国遵循国际法进阶为现代文明国家。晚清的国际法诠释从一个侧面透露出这一时期中国思想运动的进程。
In the late Qing intellectual interpretation of international law, the world doctrine and the nation-state are the two main ideological routes. Starting from the position of the masters of the world, the intellectuals rendered the moral spirit of international law and reconstructed the idealized imagination of the world through the communication of the two to relieve the pressure brought about by the expansion of the order of the western world. After the input of nationalism, especially the theory of national competition, the intellectuals are guided to treat international law as the embodiment of power politics. At the same time, intellectuals are also regarded as a symbol of modernity and China is urged to follow the advanced international law as a modern civilized country. The late Qing interpretation of international law revealed the process of Chinese ideological movement in this period from one aspect.