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目的探讨新疆乌鲁木齐地区各民族早产发生现状及民族差异性。方法收集2010年1月~2014年9月新疆自治区人民医院早产患者的临床资料。结果 (1)早产总发生率为10.2%(1100/10880),其中维族占57.6%(634/1100),汉族占23.0%(253/1100),哈族占11.7%(129/1100),回族占5.5%(60/1100),其他民族占2.2%(24/1100)。(2)自发性早产占总早产的25.9%(285/1100);未足月胎膜早破早产占30.4%(334/1100);治疗性早产占43.7%(481/1100)。维族与汉族未足月胎膜早破早产及治疗性早产发生率对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。维族汉族自发性早产发生率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗性早产的主要原因是妊娠期高血压疾病(包括重度子痫前期、子痫、HELLP综合征)22.2%(244/1100),胎盘异常(前置胎盘、胎盘早剥)13.5%(149/1100),胎儿窘迫4.1%(45/1100)。(3)终止妊娠方式中阴道分娩占37.5%(412/1100),无指证剖宫产占18.8%(207/1100),医源性剖宫产占43.7%(481/1100)。维族阴道分娩及有指证剖宫产的发生率同汉族对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。维族无指证剖宫产发生率低于汉族,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)维族早产患者住院总费用(8847.4±4976.7)元,汉族为(8250.9±5122.5)元,哈族为(10343.0±4641.2)元,回族为(7510.85±4169.9)元,其他民族为(8660.1±3288.9)元。哈族早产患者住院总费用较其他民族高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论各民族早产的相关因素存在差异性,控制医源性早产,预防未足月胎膜早破早产的发生是降低早产发生率的重要因素。
Objective To explore the status quo and ethnic differences of ethnic preterm birth in Urumqi, Xinjiang. Methods The clinical data of patients with preterm birth from January 2010 to September 2014 in People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were collected. Results (1) The overall incidence of preterm birth was 10.2% (1100/10880), of which, Uighurs accounted for 57.6% (634/1100), Hans accounted for 23.0% (253/1100), Kazakhs 11.7% (129/1100) Accounting for 5.5% (60/1100), other ethnic groups accounted for 2.2% (24/1100). (2) Spontaneous preterm birth accounted for 25.9% (285/1100) of total preterm labor; premature rupture of membranes accounted for 30.4% (334/1100); and therapeutic preterm labor was 43.7% (481/1100). Uygur and Han underage premature rupture of membranes premature birth and the incidence of therapeutic preterm birth, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth among Uighur Han (P> 0.05). The main causes of therapeutic preterm birth were 22.2% (244/1100) of gestational hypertensive disorders (including severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome), 13.5% of placental abnormalities (placenta previa, 13.5% 1100), fetal distress 4.1% (45/1100). (3) 37.5% (412/1100) of vaginal delivery during termination of pregnancy, 18.8% (207/1100) of non-indicatory cesarean section and 43.7% (481/1100) of iatrogenic cesarean section. Uygur vaginal delivery and the incidence of cesarean section with indications compared with the Han, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Uighur without censorship cesarean section incidence was lower than Han, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). (4) The total cost of hospitalization for preterm Uighur population was 8847.4 ± 4976.7 yuan, Han was 8250.9 ± 5122.5 yuan, Kazakh was 10343.0 ± 4641.2 yuan, Hui was 7510.85 ± 4169.9 yuan, and other ethnic groups was 8660.1 ±. 3288.9) yuan. The total cost of hospitalization for Kazakh preterm birth was higher than that of other ethnic groups, with significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusion There are differences in the factors related to preterm birth among all ethnic groups. To control iatrogenic premature delivery and prevent premature rupture of membranes is an important factor to reduce the incidence of preterm birth.