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目的评价乌鲁木齐市汉族妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇的膳食质量,为孕妇营养指导提供依据。方法选取2014年3月-2015年1月在新疆乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院进行产前检查的汉族孕妇作为调查对象,确诊为妊娠期糖尿病的248名孕妇为GDM组,选择同期检查的年龄、孕周相近的248名健康孕妇为非GDM组。采用24h膳食回顾法调查其食物摄入情况,应用中国膳食平衡指数法(DBI-07)评价两组孕妇的膳食质量,并比较两组孕妇膳食营养异同。结果 GDM组孕妇体质指数为(24.17±2.94)kg/m~2,大于非GDM组(22.61±2.88)kg/m~2,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GDM组孕妇能量每日摄入量为(2115.99±526.65)g,高于非GDM组(1660.84±398.18)g,脂肪、碳水化合物每日摄入量分别为(45.18±23.49)g、(363.06±106.46)g,均高于非GDM组(31.51±10.69)g和(293.09±78.71)g,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组孕妇蛋白质摄入量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);GDM组与非GDM组孕妇LBS、HBS和DQD差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相比于非糖尿病孕妇,糖尿病孕妇存在更多膳食摄入不足、膳食摄入过量和膳食不平衡的问题。
Objective To evaluate the quality of diet of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Urumqi and provide the basis for nutritional guidance for pregnant women. Methods A total of 248 pregnant women with prenatal diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study from March 2014 to January 2015 in Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur MCH. A total of 248 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes were selected as GDM group. The age, gestational age Nearly 248 healthy pregnant women were non-GDM. The dietary intakes of the two groups of pregnant women were evaluated by the Chinese dietary balance index method (DBI-07). The differences of dietary nutrition between the two groups were compared. Results The body mass index of pregnant women in GDM group was (24.17 ± 2.94) kg / m ~ 2, which was significantly higher than that in non - GDM group (22.61 ± 2.88) kg / m ~ 2, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The daily intake of energy of pregnant women in GDM group was (2115.99 ± 526.65) g, higher than that of non-GDM group (1660.84 ± 398.18) g, the daily intake of fat and carbohydrates was (45.18 ± 23.49) g and (363.06 ± 106.46) g were significantly higher than those in non-GDM (31.51 ± 10.69) g and (293.09 ± 78.71) g, respectively, with significant difference (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in protein intake between the two groups (P> 0.05). The difference of LBS, HBS and DQD in pregnant women between GDM group and non-GDM group was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Compared with non-diabetic pregnant women, diabetic pregnant women have more problems of inadequate dietary intake, excessive dietary intake and unbalanced diet.